Development of A Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) Prevention Supervision Instrument Based on The CDC Guideline for Prevention of CAUTI
Keywords:
Instrumen, Supervision, Prevention, CAUTI, CDCAbstract
Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) remains one of the most common healthcare-associated infections and contributes significantly to increased morbidity, length of hospital stay, and healthcare costs. Suboptimal prevention practices and a lack of structured supervision instruments may lead to inconsistent adherence to evidence-based guidelines. This study aims to develop a supervision instrument for CAUTI prevention based on the CDC Guideline for Prevention of CAUTI. This study used a descriptive mixed-methods Research and Development (R&D) design, combining quantitative document analysis and qualitative interviews. A total of 100 patient monitoring documents were selected using purposive sampling, along with 7 ward head nurses as interview participants. Data were collected through document evaluation and semi-structured interviews, followed by Focus Group Discussion (FGD), expert consultation, and content validity testing using I-CVI. The developed instruments include a CAUTI prevention instrument for catheter insertion, as well as an instrument for prevention during catheter care and infection monitoring. The development encompassed the supervision format (including soft skills competency, interpretation), prevention content during catheter insertion, and prevention content during catheter care and infection monitoring. The validity test results for both instruments showed an I-CVI of 1.00, indicating that the instruments are valid and relevant. The developed instrument is expected to support the achievement of quality CAUTI prevention services in accordance with current guidelines, providing a comprehensive and high-quality instrument to enhance patient safety.
References
Adji, A. S. (2024). Analysis of Ministry of Health Regulation No. 30 of 2022 on Hospital Service Quality In Indonesia. ARRUS Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 4(3), 310–318. https://doi.org/10.35877/soshum2582
Akhoma Ummah, A., Rahmilia Agraini, T., Mayang Sari, P., Simatupang, W., & Astuti, M. (2025). Evaluasi Penggunaan Instrumen Supervisi Kepegawaian dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Organisasi: Tinjauan Literatur. Ensiklopedia of Journal, 7(2), 270. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33559/eoj.v7i2.2856
Al-Sayaghi, K. M., Alqalah, T. A. H., Alkubati, S. A., Alshoabi, S. A., Alsabri, M., Alrubaiee, G. G., Almoliky, M. A., Saleh, K. A., Al-Sayaghi, A. K., Elshatarat, R. A., Saleh, Z. T., Saleh, A. M., & Abdel-Aziz, H. R. (2023). Healthcare workers’ compliance with the catheter associated urinary tract infection prevention guidelines: an observational study in Yemen. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-023-01352-7
Aufani, N. A., Muhairira, N., Fatiq, D. F. N., Zuhriyah, I. A., & Baharuddin, B. (2025). Proses Penyusunan Instrumen Supervisi dan Analisis Kualitas Pelaporan KIinerja Pada Madrasah. Ar-Risalah Media Keislaman Pendidikan Dan Hukum Islam. https://doi.org/10.69552/ar-risalah.v23i1.2960
Balu, P., Ravikumar, D., Somasunder, V. M., Suga, S. S. D., Sivagananam, P., Jeyasheelan, V. P., Sreekandan, R. N., James, K. M., Bopaiah, S. K., Chelladurai, U. M., Kumar, M. R., Chellapandian, P., Sundharesan, N., Krishnan, M., Kunasekaran, V., Kumaravel, K., Manickaraj, R. G. J., Veeraraghvan, V. P., & Mohan, S. K. (2021). Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice on prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) among health care professionals working in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 15(1), 335–345. https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.15.1.28
Calpe-Damians, N., Llauradó-Serra, M., & Wennberg-Capellades, L. (2023). Knowledge and beliefs of intensive care nurses about urinary catheter securement: Results of a national survey. Intensive & Critical Care Nursing, 81, 103572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2023.103572
Calpe-Damians, N., Wennberg-Capellades, L., Ventura-Rosado, A., Gonzalez-Engroba, R., Enríquez-Pérez, N., Vicario-Martos, C., Roldos-Gales, A., Guri-López, T., Rafart-Aguado, S., Ramírez-Ramon, A., & Llauradó-Serra, M. (2024). Effectiveness and safety of a simple catheter securement device aimed at preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infection in intensive care unit patients: A randomized controlled trial. Nursing in Critical Care. https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.13111
Carney, M., Bostic, J., Krupa, E., & Shih, J. (2022). Interpretation and Use Statements for Instruments in Mathematics Education. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education. https://doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc-2020-0087
Fahad Alhassoon, B. S., Alhayyaf, H. H., Adnan M, A., Hamed Asiri, F., Mohammed Alomani, F., Hamed A, A. F., Alsamaeel, S. H., Frhan Almosfer, F. S., Qismah Ahmed E, A., Alrasool Alethan, H. A. R., Ali Ahmed AAlsalameen, Abdulrazag Hussain A, A., & Alradwan, H. A. (2022). The Effectiveness of Patient Education In Improving Health Outcomes. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v29i04.5308
Gupta, P., Thomas, M., Mathews, L., Zacharia, N., Ibrahim, A. F., Garcia, M. L., Simbulan, C., Mohamed, F. A., & Hassan, M. El. (2023). Reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections in the cardiac intensive care unit with a coordinated strategy and nursing staff empowerment. BMJ Open Quality, 12(2), e002214. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2022-002214
Huong, D. T. M., Doan, H. Q., Vu, P. D., Nguyen, N., Amber, V., Thu, H. N. T., Phong, L. N. T., Hogan, U., Le, L., Nguyen, T. T., & Nguyen, T. T. (2020). Piloting a Quality Improvement Intervention for Urinary Catheter Removal to Reduce Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in a Medical Intensive Care Unit. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 41. https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.969
Jamaludin, T. S. S., Nurumal, M. S., Ahmad, N., Muhammad, S. A. N., & Chan, C. M. (2022). Soft skills elements in structured clinical skill assessment: a qualitative study. Bali Medical Journal, 11(3), 1666–1674. https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v11i3.3721
Karaman, F., Saygin Şahin, B., Yerebakan Şen, A. N., Rashidi, M., Şen Yilmaz, M., Kocadereli, A., & Ustaoğlu, A. (2024). Development of an empathy scale in nurses. BMC Nursing, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02535-2
Laari, L., Anim-Boamah, O., & Boso, C. M. (2022). Soft skills the matchless traits and skills in nursing practice: An integrative review. In Nursing Practice Today (Vol. 9, Issue 4, pp. 267–278). Tehran University of Medical Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18502/npt.v9i4.11199
Mardiana, I., Sudirman, S., Setiadi, D., Mustari, M., & Waluyo, U. (2024). The Development of a Clinical Supervision Instrument Model in the Independent Curriculum at Junior High Schools in Mataram City, Indonesia. Path of Science. https://doi.org/10.22178/pos.104-8
Mariani, M., Mof, Y., & Hermina, D. (2024). The Development of Supervision Instruments and Implementation of Islamic Education Supervision. ISLAMIC PEDAGOGY: Journal of Islamic Education, 2(2), 14–23. https://doi.org/10.52029/ipjie.v2i2.246
Nassikas, N., Monteiro, J., Pashnik, B., Lynch, J., Carino, G., & Levinson, A. (2020). Intensive care unit rounding checklists to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 41, 680–683. https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.43
Nasution, D., Nababan, D., Sitorus, E. J., Manurung, K., & Tarigan, F. L. (2025). Impact of HICPAC Guideline Adherence on Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection Rates: Evidence from a District Hospital in Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.30829/contagion.v7i1.24065
Oktaviarini, E., Yetti, K., Suhendri, A., & Hadi, M. (2023). Optimalisasi Fungsi dan Peran Manajemen Keperawatan pada Level Kepala Ruang dalam Pendokumentasian Supervisi Berbasis IT. Journal of Telenursing (JOTING), 5(2), 2100–2109. https://doi.org/10.31539/joting.v5i2.6806
Paiva-Santos, F., Santos-Costa, P., Bastos, C., & Graveto, J. (2023). Nurses’ Adherence to the Portuguese Standard to Prevent Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTIs): An Observational Study. Nursing Reports, 13(4), 1432–1441. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep13040120
Pandya, H. B., Ansari, M. T., Bhalodia, N. M. K., Norris, S., & Lakhani, S. J. (2025). The Burden and Menaces of Catheter associated Urinary Tract Infections in the Patients Admitted at the Critical Care Units: A Cross-sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Centre, Gujarat, India. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2025/76971.20906
Rajab, M. A., Tahir, T., Yusuf, S., & Risnah, R. (2024). Penggunaan Chlorhexidin untuk Pemasangan dan Perawatan Kateter Urin dalam Mencegah CAUTI: A Scoping Review. Jurnal Kesehatan, 16(2), 102–123. https://doi.org/10.24252/kesehatan.v16i2.28272
Riawan, D. L., Chalidyanto, D., Palupi, A. L., Rahmawati, N. A., Qualisa, P., Ongko, T., & Yudhistira, D. A. (2024). Pengembangan Standar dan Pedoman Penilaian Soft Skill Perawat. Journal of Telenursing (JOTING). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31539/joting.v6i2.11222
Rosenthal, V. D., Memish, Z. A., Nicastri, E., Leone, S., & Bearman, G. (2025). Preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infections: A position paper of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2024 update. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 151, 107304. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107304
Rubi, H., Mudey, G., & Kunjalwar, R. (2022). Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection ( CAUTI ). 14(10). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.30385
Said, A., & Islam Negeri Sultan aji Muhammad Idris Samarinda, U. (2025). The Effectiveness of Supervision Programs on Improving Teaching Skills and Teacher Performance. Urwatul Wutsqo, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.54437/juw
Sohail, R., Saddique, H., & Jabeen, R. (2024). To Assess Knowledge and Practice among Nurses Regarding Prevention of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection. Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research. https://doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.895
Susan, S. S., & Deepanjali, S. (2022). Appropriateness of Indwelling Urinary Catheter Use in Medical Inpatients: A Prospective Observational Study. International Journal of Advanced Medical and Health Research, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_247_21
Van Decker, S. G., Bosch, N., & Murphy, J. (2021). Catheter-associated urinary tract infection reduction in critical care units: A bundled care model. BMJ Open Quality, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2021-001534
Waluyo, Kusnanto, & Kartini, Y. (2022). Peningkatan Pencegahan Catheter Associated Urinary Tractus Infection Melalui Penerapan Hasil Pengembangan Bundle CAUTI Berbasis Proses Keperawatan. Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan Suara Forikes. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/sf13nk334
